Black shales.

The widespread, yet under-utilized, unfossiliferous Devonian black shales may hold the key to test this hypothesis by filling temporal and spatial gaps in the global path of afforestation and ...The amount of organic carbon in the Devonian shale sequence rantes from less than 0.5% to nearly 20%. The average organic carbon content for the black shales having a color value of N 1-N 3 is about 4% by weight. Those shales lighter in color than N 3 have an average of about 0.8% organic carbon.1. Introduction. Black shale (BS) is a dark-colored, usually thinly laminated and organic rich fine-grained rock with characteristics associated to specific sedimentology, paleoecology and geochemistry conditions formed within bottom water poor in oxygen (Wignall, 1994; Tyson, 2004).A wide range of sedimentary environments are favorable for the formation of BS and most ancient BS appear to ...The black shale profile (PA and PB) were taken from the Shuishi Formation, which is mainly composed of gray to red sandstone-siltstone interbedded with argillaceous siltstone, sandy shale, black shale, and black shale-weathered products (Fig. 2). To avoid possible contamination of trace metal from falling materials from the upper horizons ...

Organic matter (OM)-hosted pores are important constituents of the pore system of black shales and play a crucial role in determining their methane adsorption capacity and porosity. OM-hosted pores are generally observed and described with scanning electron microscope (SEM) on Ar ion-milled surfaces. However, SEM imaging is not able to reliably distinguish OM types and relate the observed ...Black shales are one of the largest reservoirs of fossil organic carbon and inorganic reduced sulfur on Earth. It is assumed that microorganisms play an important role in the transformations of these sedimentary rocks and contribute to the return of organic carbon and inorganic sulfur to the global geochemical cycles. An outcrop of deep subterrestrial ~256-million-year-old Kupferschiefer black ...The lower black shales exhibit much higher metal enrichments compared to Black Sea sulphidic (euxinic) sediment. This is taken to indicate the presence of sulphidic bottom waters during the deposition of the lower black shales, including the Ni-Mo ore layer. In contrast, anoxic, non-sulphidic conditions occurred during the deposition of the ...

The majority of black shale samples in the Dongyuemiao member show a positive correlation between porosity and T max when the T max ranges from ∼440°C to ∼465°C. This correlation consists of the tendency of Posidonia Shale (Type II) ( Han et al., 2017 ) and seems to suggest the thermally driven pore generation, e.g., the secondary OM pore.

... black shales deposited at depths of about 500-1500 m on seamounts, Monteiro et al. (2012) have suggested that at least 50 vol% of the ocean was anoxic at ...This study uses the marine-continental transitional black shale of the Shanxi Formation in the Ordos Basin as its primary research subject. Using LT-N 2 A and LP-CO 2 A experiments, as well as FE-SEM, XRD, and associated geochemical experiments, the pore structure of the transitional shales of the Shanxi Formation is described qualitatively ...Black shales of Devonian age in the Appalachian Basin are a unique rock sequence. The high content of organic matter, which imparts the characteristic lithology, has for years attracted considerable interest in the shales as a possible source of energy. The recent energy shortage prompted the U.S. Department of Energy through the Eastern Gas Shales Project of the Morgantown Energy Technology ...Black shale tends to suffer from chemical weathering in nature due to its high content of organic matter (OM) and unstable minerals (e.g. feldspar and pyrite). The weathering of black shale has drawn attention over the past decade for its unique environmental and petrophysical impact (Jaffe et al., 2002, Jin et al., 2013, Petsch et al., 1999 ...

Black shales provides the first comprehensive synthesis of the diverse research regarding the origin of petroleum source rocks. The book offers in-depth reviews from the fields sedimentology, palaeoecology, and geochemistry, and particularly focuses on the influence of palaeo-oxygen levels. Current debates--including the one over the influence of sedimentation rate, productivity, and enhanced ...

CEC in black shales should be reconsidered to include the presence of OM-derived, pH-dependent, and most likely bond type-dependent adsorption, and to be restricted to particular measurement conditions. The finding has significant consequences for oil & gas exploration where the CEC-based dual water model is commonly applied for porosity and ...

The Lower Cambrian black shale sequence of the Niutitang Formation in the Yangtze Platform, South China, hosts an extreme metal-enriched sulfide ore bed that shows >10,000 times enrichment in Mo, Ni, Se, Re, Os, As, Hg, and Sb and >1,000 times enrichment in Ag, Au, Pt, and Pd, when compared to average upper continental crust. We report in this paper trace- and rare-earth-element concentrations ...The Paleoproterozoic black shales of the Dhalbhum Formation exposed to the north of the Dalma metavolcanic suite is comprised of siliciclastic rocks and a minor amount of carbonaceous rocks. Geochemical studies were carried out to study the provenance and depositional setting of black shales. The average values of Co, V, U, and Cr/V (1.29) and Ni/Co (2.77) ratios in the black shales of ...Black shale is a dark-colored mudrock containing organic matter that may have generated hydrocarbons in the subsurface or that may yield hydrocarbons by pyrolysis. Many black shale units are enriched in metals severalfold above expected amounts in ordinary shale. Some black shale units have served as host rocks for syngenetic metal deposits ...Introduction. Black shale is a kind of special sedimentary rock with enriched organic matter, which may contain shale oil and gas. With the outbreak of shale oil and gas revolution in the United States around 2010, black shale has become a hotspot of sedimentary studies in the world, especially in China (Xian et al., 2014).The Fuling shale gas field in Chongqing City has produced more than 60 ...Depositional and diagenetic processes play important roles in controlling the fabric and petrophysical properties of black shales.In this study, an outcrop section of the Wufeng-Longmaxi Shale was studied through sedimentologic facies analysis, petrographic observations (both transmitted- and reflected-light microscopy and scanning electron …Black shale, the subject of this article, is a dark-colored muddy sedimentary rock that is substantially enriched in organic matter. Depending on the grade of thermal maturity, black shales are often referred to as sapropel, bituminous shale, or oil shale.

BLACK SHALES OF THE PHOSPHORIA FORMATION By RICHARD P. SHELDON ABSTRACT Uranium in the Phosphoria formation of Permian age in the western phosphate field occurs mostly in phosphorite and partly in black shale. However, some of the phosphorites and most of the black shales of the formation are practically non- uraniferous.Black shales, which are rich in organic matter, are important for the natural fuel-resource economy of the world. Most shales contain 1 % or more organic carbon; 2-10 % is a common range. A few shales contain more than 20 % organic carbon [1]. Source rock potential of the oil-producing rocks of marineThe whole organic extracts of the Irati black shales and Serra Alta shales were analyzed by gas chromatography with flame ionization detector to assess the n-alkanes and the isoprenoids pristane and phytane. The analysis was performed using an Agilent 6890N gas chromatograph, equipped with an HP-5 fused silica capillary column (30 m × 0.32 mm ...A possible, but untested, sequestration strategy is to inject CO{sub 2} into organic-rich shales. Devonian black shales underlie approximately two-thirds of Kentucky and are thicker and deeper in the Illinois and Appalachian Basin portions of Kentucky than in central Kentucky. The Devonian black shales serve as both the source and trap for ...Black shale oxidation not only is geological significant in altering the Earth’s surface, but also is a critical stage in geochemical elemental recycling 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8.The sulfide minerals ...Molybdenum, Bi, and Te are commonly enriched along with Au, As, and Sb in organic matter and in diagenetic pyrite in black shales (e.g., Large et al. 2007Large et al. , 2011 Gregory et al. 2015 ...

The Datangpo Formation can be sub-divided into four lithostratigraphic members from bottom to top (Fig. 2): (1) Member I is a succession of black manganiferous shale and Mn carbonates (Mn contents distinguish manganiferous shales with Mn < 10 % from Mn carbonates with Mn > 10 %); (2) Member II is composed mainly of black carbonaceous shale; (3 ...

Shale Formation. A shale formation is a sedimentary rock composed of fine-grained detrital mineral (silt-size particles of quartz and calcite) and flakes of clay and it is characterised by the presence of about 1% to over 20% of Total Organic Carbon content (TOC). From: Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering, 2012.Metallic minerals in black shale. In order to analyze the types of metallic minerals present in the lower Cambrian black shale, minerals from samples in the Xa1 and Xb1 wells have been preliminarily identified. The main sulfur-bearing mineral is pyrite that forms clumps and bands (Fig. 3).First, that black shale deposition was the result of basin-wide anoxic conditions (Murphy et al., 2000; Chen and Sharma, 2016; Bingham-Koslowski et al., 2016). According to this explanation, black shale deposition should be isochronous and the relationship between black shales and gray shales should be abrupt vertical contacts.This set of black shale is widely distributed in the Yangtze Block of China, which was linked with the global transgression and cold-arid climate. The organic matter accumulation of Niutitang Formation is ultimately controlled by high productivity and favorable anoxic preservation condition. 6. ConclusionsThe Mamfe basin hosting the studied shales lies on basement rocks of the Precambrian age constituting of granite, syenites, gneisses, and mica-schists [12], [59].The sedimentary cover is mainly composed of variable black shales [6], [23].The shales are dark grey to black in colour deposited in a shallow lacustrine, oxygenated depositional …The black shale samples analyzed in this study originate from marginal marine sediments deposited from ∼2.66-2.084 Ga. South African samples cover a drill core depth of 85-2,440 m, with ages constrained to ∼2.66-2.32 Ga. The oldest originate from the Bothaville Formation, a part of the protobasinal rocks of the Ventersdorp Supergroup. ...Sedimentology studies on the Shipu section for the K11 black shales illuminated that the K12 black shales in coastal southeastern China were mainly deposited during transgressive period. The ...

First, that black shale deposition was the result of basin-wide anoxic conditions (Murphy et al., 2000; Chen and Sharma, 2016; Bingham-Koslowski et al., 2016). According to this explanation, black shale deposition should be isochronous and the relationship between black shales and gray shales should be abrupt vertical contacts.

When looked at more closely, the black shales have a laminated character (Fig. 3b) of the kind that one may see in many other laminated black shales in the rock record (O’Brien and Slatt 1990). These black shales showed discontinuous streaks of silt, and led to the term “silt-streaked black shales” when describing these rocks in drill core.

Introduction. Black shales are dark-colored, usually thinly laminated mudstones containing appreciable organic matter (>0.5 wt% C), authigenic iron sulfides and, silt- and clay-sized detrital particles that in most cases have been accumulated under anoxic bottom water and/or bottom sediment conditions in marine or continental sedimentary basins (Huyck, 1990, Wignall, 1994).The basal unit of the Early Cambrian black shale sequence of South China hosts sulfide-rich polymetallic units, non-sulfidic vanadium-rich black shales, sapropelic alginite (combustible shale), barite, and phosphorite. This rock spectrum occurs in a paleoceanographic similar, and stratigraphically correlated, transgressive upwelling setting on the passive continental margin of the ...Black shales were mainly developed during the widespread transgression in the Early Cambrian. TOC contents also show that the black shales in the Xidashan, Xishanbrak, and Yuertusi formations are high-quality hydrocarbon source rocks, particularly those from the Yuertusi Formation. 5.2.1.1. Source rocks in the strata I regionLower Paleozoic black shales from Estonia, Sweden, and Russia were analyzed for major and trace elements to reconstruct the provenance, tectonic setting, and paleoweathering conditions of these shales. The black shale is highly enriched in U, V, Mo, and Pb (except in samples from Sweden where Pb is slightly enriched), slightly enriched in SiO2, Fe2O3, K2O, and TiO2 and highly depleted in CaO ...Fifteen black shale samples including five samples from the Pennsylvanian strata and ten samples from the Upper Devonian New Albany Shale Formation of the Illinois Basin (Table 1) were selected to study the petrographic and chemical structure characteristics of AOM dispersed in black shales.All samples came from cores stored at the Indiana Geological and Water Survey, Indiana, USA.The widespread, yet under-utilized, unfossiliferous Devonian black shales may hold the key to test this hypothesis by filling temporal and spatial gaps in the global path of afforestation and ...This fine-grained shale facies is dark grey to black in colour (Fig. 2 a).With respect to the bedding, the outcrops of these facies are very thin-bedded to thinly laminated and fissile in some parts while medium to massive in other areas (Fig. 2 a).The shales are highly fractured at some outcrop locations, possibly due to the composition, high fine sand/silt content, or tectonic activities.Shale gas is a type of natural gas generated from organic-rich black shale [10, 11]. When permeability and porosity were both low, shale may have been an effective natural gas reservoir [ 12 ]. Shale gas can be stored in several ways, including free gas in natural fissures and intergranular porosity, gas dissolved onto kerogen and clay surfaces ...Warm time intervals are white; cool time intervals are black. The light gray jagged lines are a schematic representation of more than 50 glacial/inter... Figure 20: Maps illustrating the location of Greenland, Northern Ireland, and Scotland during the late Precambrian (600 Ma; South Pole) and the Last Glacial Maximum (20,000 years ago).Early Cambrian black shales are widely distributed on the southeastern margin of the Yangtze platform, South China (Guo et al., 2007; Wen et al., 2015; Fig. 1).They formed under a variety of physicochemical conditions due to variable contributions of continental and biotic components with increasing water and burial depth, and they have been shown to contain relatively high V concentrations (e ...

The hydrocarbon potential of the black shale units has been evaluated by Rock-Eval pyrolysis. Total organic carbon content of many of the shales exceeds 1%. The meanT max for the black shales translate to a vitrinite reflectance range of 2.05-2.40% Rm based on standard conversion techniques. These shales have reached the catagenetic stage near ...The black shale mineral composition is mainly composed of calcite, apatite, quartz, pyrite and clay minerals. The average values of Cu, Ni, Zn, Cr, V, As and Se and the ratios Rb/Sr and Cr/Ni in ...Black shales are currently of interest in geochemical and geological investigations because they may host gold and platinum deposits or petroleum and natural gas fields. To ensure the accuracy of analysis of such samples, standard reference materials SCHS-1 and SLg-1 are now being certified at the Institute of Geochemistry SB RAS, Russia [12] .Black shales of Devonian age in the Appalachian Basin are a unique rock sequence. The high content of organic matter, which imparts the characteristic lithology, has for years attracted considerable interest in the shales as a possible source of energy. The recent energy shortage prompted the U.S. Department of Energy through the Eastern Gas Shales Project of the Morgantown Energy Technology CenteInstagram:https://instagram. is it master of education or masters of educationpeer support group curriculummeet new allies through the bonds of friendshipadrew wiggins Extensive deposits of marine black shales containing 2-30% TOC were episodically deposited over 100 million years of Mesozoic time (Toarcian through Coniacian epochs), but the most widespread occurrences are found in the middle Cretaceous (Arthur and Sageman, 1994).The periods of widespread deposition of the apparently synchronous black shale sequences (Table 1) that occurred during ...A possible, but untested, sequestration strategy is to inject CO{sub 2} into organic-rich shales. Devonian black shales underlie approximately two-thirds of Kentucky and are thicker and deeper in the Illinois and Appalachian Basin portions of Kentucky than in central Kentucky. The Devonian black shales serve as both the source and trap for ... wazzu baseballtsc staff Black shales and massive sulfides represent reduced lithofacies that require isolation from oxic environments to be preserved. This, together with the sedimentary affinity of both lithofacies, can explain their common concurrence in the geologic record. The present study is based on the comparison of Rammelsberg in Germany, Tharsis in Spain, and Draa Sfar in Morocco, three massive sulfide ... dishwasher job salary A possible, but untested, sequestration strategy is to inject CO{sub 2} into organic-rich shales. Devonian black shales underlie approximately two-thirds of Kentucky and are thicker and deeper in the Illinois and Appalachian Basin portions of Kentucky than in central Kentucky. The Devonian black shales serve as both the source and trap for ...1. Introduction. Black shales that are deposited in oxygen-deficient environments are typically enriched in redox-sensitive elements, including sulphide-bound trace metals and elements that are involved in biological cycles (Georgiev et al., 2012).Experimentally defined inorganic palaeoenvironmental proxies (e.g., U/Th or Ni/Co ratios) are routinely used to reconstruct the redox conditions ...